Federal Covenant

To understand this federal covenant, we must have a biblical answer to the question, Does God punish children for the sins of the parents? In answering this question, we discover both the pervasiveness of iniquity and the source of original sin. We also discover the very important doctrine of imputation, which is the only way sinners are justified. Noah, who is a type of Christ, points us to Jesus, yet he himself is not Christ and therefore not the satisfaction. We know that Jesus is the Second Adam or Second Man and no one else. While Noah was a type of Christ, he was still a son of Adam and was also affected by Adam’s sin.
 
In light of this, we must understand God’s “seeing” Noah’s righteousness as His declaring that man righteous, just as God “sees” our righteousness through the cleansing and covering blood of His Son. Nevertheless, righteous fathers, as discussed earlier, are charged with passing on covenant truth to their posterity and thereby blessing future generations with righteousness. Wicked fathers, on the other hand, are more likely and more quickly to pass on wickedness.

Genesis 7:1-5